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发布日期：2019/6/27 15:48:55 访问次数：4482
介质在外加电场时会产生感应电荷而削弱电场，介质中的电场减小与原外加电场（真空中）的比值即为相对介电常数(relative permittivity或dielectric constant)，又称诱电率，与频率相关。介电常数是相对介电常数与真空中绝对介电常数乘积。如果有高介电常数的材料放在电场中，电场的强度会在电介质内有可观的下降。理想导体(金属)的相对介电常数为无穷大。
根据物质的介电常数可以判别高分子材料的极性大小。通常，相对介电常数大于3.6的物质为极性物质；相对介电常数在2.8~3.6范围内的物质为弱极性物质；相对介电常数小于2.8为非极性物质。
同理，我们根据高分子材料的极性也可以大致推测材料介电常数大小，极性基团多，介电常数高，极性基团少介电常数小。下面是常见材料的介电常数的大小：
|
聚合物 |
最低值 |
最高值 |
|
HIPS Flame Retardant V0 |
2 |
3 |
|
PCTFE - Polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene |
2 |
3 |
|
PMMA - Polymethylmethacrylate/Acrylic |
2 |
5 |
|
FEP - Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
PFA - Perfluoroalkoxy |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
PTFE - Polytetrafluoroethylene |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
PMP - Polymethylpentene |
2.1 |
3.6 |
|
HDPE - High Density Polyethylene |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
LDPE - Low Density Polyethylene |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
LLDPE - Linear Low Density Polyethylene |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PMP Mineral Filled |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PP, 10-40% Mineral Filled |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PP, 10-40% Talc Filled |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PP (Polypropylene) Copolymer |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PP (Polypropylene) Homopolymer |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PP, Impact Modified |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
UHMWPE - Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
PMP 30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
2.4 |
2.4 |
|
PS (Polystyrene) Crystal |
2.4 |
2.7 |
|
PS, High Heat |
2.4 |
2.7 |
|
HIPS - High Impact Polystyrene |
2.4 |
4.8 |
|
ABS High Heat |
2.4 |
5 |
|
ABS High Impact |
2.4 |
5 |
|
PS (Polystyrene) 30% glass fiber |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
EVA - Ethylene Vinyl Acetate |
2.5 |
3 |
|
SAN - Styrene Acrylonitrile |
2.5 |
3.4 |
|
ECTFE |
2.57 |
2.59 |
|
ETFE - Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
PP - Polypropylene 10-20% Glass Fiber |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
PP, 30-40% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
PPE - Polyphenylene Ether |
2.7 |
2.7 |
|
PPE, Flame Retardant |
2.7 |
2.7 |
|
PE - Polyethylene 30% Glass Fiber |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
2.7 |
3.2 |
|
SMA - Styrene Maleic Anhydride |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
ABS Flame Retardant |
2.8 |
3 |
|
MABS - Transparent Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
2.8 |
3 |
|
PC - Polycarbonate, high heat |
2.8 |
3.8 |
|
PPE, 30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
2.9 |
2.9 |
|
ABS/PC Blend - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Polycarbonate Blend |
2.9 |
3.2 |
|
PMMA (Acrylic) Impact Modified |
2.9 |
3.7 |
|
PBT - Polybutylene Terephthalate |
2.9 |
4 |
|
PA 66, Impact Modified |
2.9 |
5 |
|
PC/PBT Blend - Polycarbonate/Polybutylene Terephthalate Blend |
2.95 |
3.14 |
|
PTFE, 25% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3 |
3 |
|
PSU - Polysulfone |
3 |
3.2 |
|
PPS - Polyphenylene Sulfide |
3 |
3.3 |
|
ASA/PC Blend - Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate/Polycarbonate Blend |
3 |
3.4 |
|
PC (Polycarbonate) 20-40% Glass Fiber |
3 |
3.5 |
|
PC (Polycarbonate) 20-40% Glass Fiber Flame Retardant |
3 |
3.8 |
|
CP - Cellulose Proprionate |
3 |
4 |
|
LCP Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3 |
4 |
|
PA 6-10 - Polyamide 6-10 |
3 |
4 |
|
PBT, 30% Glass Fiber |
3 |
4 |
|
PEI, 30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3 |
4 |
|
PEI, Mineral Filled |
3 |
4 |
|
PET - Polyethylene Terephtalate |
3 |
4 |
|
PET, 30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3 |
4 |
|
PETG - Polyethylene Terephtalate Glycol |
3 |
4 |
|
POM (Acetal) Low Friction |
3 |
4 |
|
PVC Rigid |
3 |
4 |
|
PVC, Plasticized |
3 |
5 |
|
PVC, Plasticized Filled |
3 |
5 |
|
LCP Mineral-filled |
3 |
5.9 |
|
CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride |
3 |
6 |
|
PVDC - Polyvinylidene Chloride |
3 |
6 |
|
CAB - Cellulose Acetate Butyrate |
3 |
7 |
|
CA - Cellulose Acetate |
3 |
8 |
|
PA 11, Conductive |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 11, Flexible |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 11, Rigid |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 12 (Polyamide 12), Conductive |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 12, Fiber-reinforced |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 12, Flexible |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 12, Glass Filled |
3 |
9 |
|
PA 12, Rigid |
3 |
9 |
|
SRP - Self-reinforced Polyphenylene |
3.1 |
3.1 |
|
ABS/PC Blend 20% Glass Fiber |
3.1 |
3.2 |
|
PEI - Polyetherimide |
3.1 |
3.2 |
|
PI - Polyimide |
3.1 |
3.55 |
|
ASA/PC Flame Retardant |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
PEEK - Polyetheretherketone |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
SMMA - Styrene Methyl Methacrylate |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
PEEK 30% Carbon Fiber-reinforced |
3.2 |
3.4 |
|
SAN, 20% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3.2 |
3.8 |
|
PMMA (Acrylic) High Heat |
3.2 |
4 |
|
LCP - Liquid Crystal Polymer |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
PAR - Polyarylate |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
PEKK (Polyetherketoneketone), Low Cristallinity Grade |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
SMA, 20% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
ASA - Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
PPS, 20-30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
PC/PBT blend, Glass Filled |
3.3 |
3.9 |
|
PEEK 30% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
3.3 |
4.2 |
|
POM - Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) |
3.3 |
4.7 |
|
PPSU - Polyphenylene Sulfone |
3.4 |
3.5 |
|
PA 46 - Polyamide 46 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
|
PA 66, Impact Modified, 15-30% Glass Fiber |
3.4 |
4.2 |
|
Amorphous TPI Blend, Ultra-high heat, Chemical Resistant (Standard Flow) |
3.5 |
3.5 |
|
PESU - Polyethersulfone |
3.5 |
4.1 |
|
PA 66, 30% Glass Fiber |
3.5 |
5.6 |
|
PSU, 30% Glass finer-reinforced |
3.6 |
3.7 |
|
PPA, 33% Glass Fiber-reinforced – High Flow |
3.7 |
3.9 |
|
PARA (Polyarylamide), 30-60% glass fiber |
3.9 |
4.5 |
|
PAI - Polyamide-Imide |
3.9 |
7.3 |
|
PPS, 40% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
4 |
4 |
|
PPA, 30% Mineral-filled |
4 |
4.2 |
|
POM (Acetal) Impact Modified |
4 |
4.3 |
|
PA 46, 30% Glass Fiber |
4 |
4.6 |
|
PA 6 - Polyamide 6 |
4 |
5 |
|
PA 66 - Polyamide 6-6 |
4 |
5 |
|
PA 66, 30% Mineral filled |
4 |
5 |
|
PESU 10-30% glass fiber |
4.2 |
4.3 |
|
PAI, 30% Glass Fiber |
4.2 |
6.5 |
|
PPA - Polyphthalamide |
4.3 |
4.3 |
|
PPA, 33% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
4.4 |
4.6 |
|
PPA, 45% Glass Fiber-reinforced |
4.4 |
4.6 |
|
PA 11 - (Polyamide 11) 30% Glass fiber reinforced |
4.8 |
4.8 |
|
EVOH - Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol |
4.8 |
5.6 |
|
PPS, Glass fiber & Mineral-filled |
5 |
5 |
|
PVDF - Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
6 |
9 |
目前大家探讨比较多是5G工程塑料，主要分为薄膜产品（LCP，PI等用在线路板，天线）、还有就是结构件（注塑成型），如低介电LCP、PBT、PPO、PPS等。选材中既要满足介电常数低又要满足力学性能、化学性能、电性能等因素。改性塑料的介电常数跟基材的分子结构有关，同时也跟增强/填充材料的介电常数有关。
